Software is a set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do, whereas hardware is the physical component of a computer. Software is intangible and consists of code. Hardware comprises tangible items such as the computer processor, monitor, keyboard, and mouse.
Most people think of two things when it comes to computers: software and hardware. But what do these terms mean? What’s the difference between them?
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Key takeaways
- Software includes all programs and applications running on a computer, stored on hard drives or discs, and written in assembly or high-level languages.
- Hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer system such as the motherboard, CPU, RAM, and storage devices.
- Roles: Software directs hardware actions, making the computer functional, while hardware provides the physical elements enabling software operation.
- Types: Software is classified as system software (e.g., OS) and application software (e.g., word processors). Hardware types include input/output devices and internal components like processors and storage.
- Essential Synergy: Both software and hardware are necessary for a computer to function; neither can operate effectively without the other.
I’ll define these two terms and highlight their differences. Additionally, I’ll explain how they collaborate to form a functioning computer system.
What is Computer Software?
Computer software includes all the programs and applications on a computer. This encompasses the operating system, word processors, spreadsheets, and the games you play.
Software is typically stored on a computer’s hard drive or a disc. When you buy a program, you usually need to download it from the internet. In the past, software came on CDs, DVDs, and floppy disks. Regardless of the source, the software must be installed and stored on your PC before use.
Software is written in two languages: assembly language or high-level language. Assembly language is a low-level code that computers easily understand.
High-level languages are easier to read and write, making them ideal for creating software programs. Examples include Microsoft Office, Adobe Photoshop, and Windows.
- Programs and applications
- Stored on hard drive or disc
- Written in assembly or high-level languages
What is Computer Hardware?
Computer hardware includes the physical parts of a computer, such as the motherboard, CPU, RAM, hard drive, and video card.
Hardware is categorized by type, including the microprocessor, input/output, and storage.
Microprocessors are the brains of a computer system, handling all calculations and instructions. Input/output devices like the keyboard, mouse, and monitor let you interact with the computer. Storage devices hold all your data and software programs.
- Physical parts of a computer
- Classified by type
- Types: microprocessor, I/O, storage
Difference Between Software and Hardware
Hardware and software are different but work together to form a computer system. Here are the main differences between them.
Roles
Software tells the hardware what to do. Without it, the computer would be useless. Software makes the system work, while hardware provides the structure.
Without Software, a computer is just an expensive paperweight. Hardware alone is useless without Software. They are both essential for a functioning computer system.
Types
Software can be classified into two types: system software and application software. System software runs the computer system, while application software includes programs like word processors and games.
Hardware falls into four types: input devices, output devices, internal components, and storage. Common examples include the keyboard, mouse, monitor, and hard drive.
- Software: System and Application
- Hardware: Input, Output, Internal, Storage
- Examples: Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, Hard Drive
Storage Location
The software needs to be stored on the computer’s hard drive, a disc, or in cloud services. The hardware must be physically installed on the motherboard.
Language
Software is written in either assembly language or high-level language. Hardware only understands assembly language. Most software programs use high-level languages since they are easier to read and write.
Purpose
The Software lets humans communicate with the computer. The hardware provides the physical structure and elements for the software to run efficiently.
Examples
Examples of software are the operating system, word processor, and games. Hardware examples include the motherboard, CPU, RAM, hard drive, and video card.
Production
Hardware is usually mass-produced and consists of circuits, boards, and chips assembled together. Companies like Dell, HP, and Apple manufacture these components.
On the other hand, software developers create software and may work for a company or be self-employed.
- Hardware: Mass-produced circuits, boards, chips
- Manufactured by Dell, HP, Apple
- Software: Created by developers
Portability
Software isn’t physically movable since it must be installed on a computer’s hard drive. However, you can transfer it electronically via downloading or emailing. Hardware is portable and can be carried from one location to another.
Updates
Software can get regular updates with new features and improvements, unlike hardware. Updating software for new hardware needs rewriting each time, which can be costly and takes time.
Cost
The cost of hardware and software varies widely based on their capabilities, types, and brands. Software usually costs less than hardware. However, prices increase for premium applications like Microsoft Office or Adobe Photoshop.
Can Software Run without Hardware?
Software relies on hardware to operate; without it, a computer won’t function. Hardware forms the physical components, while Software instructs the hardware. Both are essential for a working computer.